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Toxin Sequenced Listing
This page provides a referenced listing of toxins and sources reported to be injurious
to exotic animals (listed in animal sequence).
If you are interested in a particular reference number, author or subject,
you may be able to search for it and jump directly to it by using the search functions
of your web browser.
Try going to the Edit menu on the menu bar at the top of this page. If available,
use the Find (or Find in Page) command to search for the particular bit of information you need.
Downloadable zipped versions of the table is available.
|
| Toxic Substance |
Animal Affected |
Uptake Method |
Reference |
Additional References |
| Acacia |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Acokanthera: Flower Fruit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Aconite: Leaf Root |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Aconite: Leaf Root |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Aconite: Seed Flower |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Acorn |
Deer, Fallow |
Ingest |
484 |
|
| Acorn |
Ostrich |
Ingest |
283 |
|
| African Lily: Foliage Bulb |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Alcohol |
Bird |
Ingest |
58 |
75 |
| Algal Toxin |
Waterfowl |
Ingest |
86 |
|
| Allopurinol |
Hawk, Red Tailed |
Ingest |
111 |
|
| Almond: Green Pit |
Bird |
Ingest |
281 |
|
| Aloe: Succulent Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Aluminum |
Fish |
Water |
273 |
|
| Amaryllis: All But Root |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Amaryllis: Bulb |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235, 564 |
| American Yew |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Ammonia |
Bird |
Inhale |
87 |
75, 564 |
| Amoxicillin |
Hamster |
Internal |
225 |
|
| Amoxicillin |
Prairie Dog |
Ingest |
66 |
|
| Amoxicillin |
Rabbit |
Ingest |
39 |
|
| Ampicillin |
Guinea Pig |
Internal |
226 |
|
| Ampicillin |
Hamster |
Internal |
383 |
225 |
| Ampicillin |
Prairie Dog |
Ingest |
66 |
|
| Ampicillin |
Rabbit |
Ingest |
39 |
|
| Amsinckia: Foliage Seed |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Anemone: Leaf Flower |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Antifreeze Auto |
Wild Animal |
Ingest |
286 |
|
| Antimycin A |
Fish, Scaled |
Water |
592 |
|
| Apple: Crushed Seed |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Apple: Seed |
Bird |
Ingest |
281 |
|
| Apricot: Inner Seed |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Arrowgrass |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Arrowhead Vine: Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Arrowhead Vine: Fruit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Arsenic |
Bird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Arsenic |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Aspirin |
Felid |
Ingest |
78 |
|
| Autumn Crocus |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Autumn Crocus: Bulb |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Avocado |
Budgerigar |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Avocado |
Canary |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Avocado |
Psittacine |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Avocado: All Parts |
Bird |
Ingest |
58 |
72, 75, 235 |
| Avocado: Foliage Fruit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Avocado: Leaf |
Ostrich |
Ingest |
283 |
|
| Avocado: Leaf |
Rabbit |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Azalea |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Azalea: Foliage Flower |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Azalea: Leaf |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235, 564 |
| Bacitracin |
Guinea Pig |
Internal |
60 |
|
| Bacitracin |
Hamster |
Internal |
256 |
|
| Balsam Pear: Fruit Rind |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Balsam Pear: Seed |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Baneberry: Fruit Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Baneberry: Fruit Root |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Bay Tree |
Bird |
Ingest |
235 |
|
| Begonia: Blossoms |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Begonia: Tuber Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Belladonna: Fruit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Benzene |
Fish |
Water |
273 |
|
| Benzene hydrochloride |
Ostrich |
Ingest |
418 |
|
| Betal Nut Palm: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Birch |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Bird Of Paradise: Flower |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bird Of Paradise: Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bird Of Paradise: Seed |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235, 564 |
| Bird Of Paradise: Seed |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bishops Weed |
Chicken |
Ingest |
561 |
|
| Bishops Weed |
Duck |
Ingest |
561 |
|
| Bishops Weed |
Goose |
Ingest |
561 |
|
| Bishops Weed |
Ostrich |
Ingest |
283 |
418 |
| Bittersweet Nightshade |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Bittersweet Nightshade |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Black Laurel |
Llama |
Ingest |
73 |
74 |
| Black Locust |
Budgerigar |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Black Locust |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Black Locust |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Black Locust: Bark Sprout |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
564 |
| Black Locust: Bark Sprout |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Black Locust: Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Black Locust: Leaf |
Bird |
Ingest |
87 |
72, 564 |
| Black Oak |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Bleach Fumes |
Bird |
Inhale |
87 |
75 |
| Bleeding Heart |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Bleeding Heart: Flower |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bleeding Heart: Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bleeding Heart: Root |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bloodroot |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Bloodroot: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Blue Flag: Bulb |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Blue Green Algae |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Blue Green Algae |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Blue Green Algae: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bluebonnet |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Bluebonnet: Flower Leaf |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bog Laurel |
Llama |
Ingest |
73 |
|
| Boston Ivy: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bottle Brush: Flower |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Botulism Toxin |
Waterfowl |
Ingest |
86 |
|
| Boxwood: Leaf Stem |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235, 564 |
| Boxwood: Leaf Stem |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Bracken Fern |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Broad Java Bean: Uncooked |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Brodifacoum |
Bird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Broomcorn Grass |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Buckeye: Nut Sprout |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Buckeye: Nut Twig |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Buckthorn: Fruit Bark |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Burning Cooking Oil Fumes |
Bird |
Inhale |
87 |
|
| Burning Food Fumes |
Bird |
Inhale |
87 |
|
| Bushman's Poison Bush |
Ostrich |
Ingest |
283 |
|
| Buttercup: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Buttercup: Sap Bulb |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
564 |
| Cadmium |
Fish |
Water |
273 |
|
| Cadmium |
Mussel |
Water |
318 |
|
| Caladium: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Caladium: Leaf |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235, 564 |
| Calfkill |
Llama |
Ingest |
73 |
|
| California Bay Rose |
Llama |
Ingest |
73 |
|
| Calla Lily: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Calla Lily: Leaf |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Candelabra Tree |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Carbamate |
Wild Animal |
Ingest |
286 |
|
| Carbon Monoxide |
Bird |
Inhale |
281 |
|
| Cardinal Flower |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Cardinal Flower: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Carolina Jessamine: Leaf |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Carolina Jessamine: Sap |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Carpet Fresh Cleaner |
Bird |
Inhalation |
581 |
|
| Carpet Weed |
Llama |
Ingest |
378 |
|
| Cassava: Root |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Castor Bean |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Castor Bean |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Castor Bean: Bean Leaf |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235, 564 |
| Castor Bean: Raw Bean |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Cefazolin |
Guinea Pig |
Internal |
226 |
|
| Cefoxitin |
Hamster |
Parenteral |
383 |
|
| Celandine: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Cephalexin |
Hamster |
Ingest |
383 |
|
| Cephalothin |
Hamster |
Parenteral |
383 |
|
| Cephalothin |
Rabbit |
Ingest |
39 |
|
| Chalice Vine |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Chalice Vine: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Cherry: Inner Pit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Cherry: Leaf Bark Pit |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
564 |
| Chinaberry Tree |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Chinaberry Tree: Berry |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Chinese Evergreen: Leaf |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Chinese Lantern: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Chlorhexidine |
Finch |
Ingest |
111 |
|
| Chlorinated hydrocarbon |
Bat |
Contact |
489 |
|
| Chlorine Fumes |
Amphibian |
Contact |
90 |
|
| Chlorine Fumes |
Bird |
Inhale |
87 |
75 |
| Chlorine Fumes |
Fish |
Water |
273 |
|
| Chocolate |
Bird |
Ingest |
58 |
75 |
| Chokecherry |
Bison, American |
Ingest |
558 |
|
| Chokecherry |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Christmas Cactus: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Christmas Candle: Sap |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Chromium |
Fish |
Water |
273 |
|
| Cigarette Smoke |
Bird |
Inhale |
75 |
|
| Clematis |
Budgerigar |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Clematis: Leaf |
Bird |
Ingest |
87 |
564 |
| Clindamycin |
Hamster |
Internal |
383 |
225 |
| Clindamycin |
Rabbit |
Ingest |
39 |
|
| Coast Live Oak: Leaf |
Cassowary |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Columbine: Flower Seed |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Columbine: Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Common Groundsel |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Common Privet: Berry Leaf |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Construction Solvents |
Bird |
Inhale |
72 |
|
| Cooking Flavorings |
Bird |
Inhale |
72 |
|
| Copper |
Bird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Copper |
Fish |
Water |
273 |
|
| Copper |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Copper |
Mussel |
Water |
318 |
|
| Copper |
Ostrich |
Ingest |
283 |
|
| Copper Sulfate |
Invertebrate |
Water |
239 |
|
| Coral Plant: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Coral Plant: Seed |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Corn Lily |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Cosmetic Spray |
Bird |
Inhale |
87 |
|
| Coumarin |
Bird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Cowslip |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
564 |
| Coyotillo |
Llama |
Ingest |
378 |
|
| Creeping Charlie: Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Creosote |
Spider |
Contact |
407 |
|
| Crested Ribbon Fern |
Bird |
Ingest |
235 |
|
| Crocus |
Bird |
Ingest |
235 |
|
| Crocus: Bulb |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Crotalaria |
Monkey, Rhesus |
Ingest |
77 |
|
| Croton |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235 |
| Croton: Foliage Shoot |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Crown Of Thorns |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235, 564 |
| Crown Vetch |
Budgerigar |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Crown Vetch |
Cockatiel |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Crown Vetch |
Lovebird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Cyad Palm |
Llama |
Ingest |
378 |
|
| Cyclamen: Foliage Flower |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Cythioate |
Bird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Daffodil: Bulb |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Daffodil: Bulb Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Daffodil: Flower Pod |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Daphne: Fruit |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
564 |
| Daphne: Fruit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Datura |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Datura: Fruit |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
564 |
| Deadly Amanita |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Deadly Amanita |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Deadly Nightshade: Fruit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Deadly Nightshade: Leaf |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Deadly Nightshade: Sprout |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Death Camas |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Death Camas |
Llama |
Ingest |
560 |
|
| Death Camas |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Death Camas: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Death Cap: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Delphinium |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
|
| Delphinium |
Ratite |
Ingest |
698 |
|
| Delphinium: Bulb Foliage |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Delphinium: Flower Seed |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Denture Cleaners |
Bird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Deodorant |
Bird |
Ingest |
87 |
75 |
| Destroying Angel: All |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Detergent |
Bird |
Ingest |
87 |
75 |
| Detergent |
Fish |
Water |
273 |
|
| Dianthus: Foliage Fruit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Diazinon |
Bird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Dieffenbachia |
Canary |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Dieffenbachia |
Llama |
Ingest |
73 |
|
| Dieffenbachia: Leaf |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235, 564 |
| Dihydrostreptomycin |
Gerbil |
Internal |
224 |
|
| Dihydrostreptomycin |
Hamster |
Internal |
225 |
|
| Dimetridazole |
Pekin Robin |
Ingest |
111 |
|
| Disinfectant |
Fish |
Water |
273 |
|
| Dogwood: Fruit |
Reptile |
Ingest |
665 |
|
| Drain Cleaner |
Bird |
Ingest |
75 |
|
| Dumb Cane |
Llama |
Ingest |
73 |
|
| Dumb Cane: Leaf |
Bird |
Ingest |
72 |
235 |
| Dumb Cane: Leaf |
| |
